Fundamental difficulties in improving safe operation of nuclear and radiation-hazardous facilities in conditions of intensive socio-economic development of northern macroregions

Fundamental difficulties in improving safe operation of nuclear and radiation-hazardous facilities in conditions of intensive socio-economic development of northern macroregions.

Faleev M. I., Sidorovich T. I., Tsybikov N. A., Zverkov V. A., Kaganov V. M.

Based on the analysis of systemic approaches to the management of technological, nuclear and radiation safety of organizations operating production facilities and facilities of the Russian Federation of high potential hazard, the priority areas for improving the system of prevention and elimination of consequences of natural and man-induced emergencies in the implementation of economic and infrastructural projects of the developed northern macroregions, as well as comprehensive provision of safe life of the population were substantiated. The location of vast strategic reserves of natural resources in the north of Russia focuses on the use of the most sophisticated modern technologies in their extraction with a high degree of hazard on land/in water areas, considering the ice situation, extreme weather and dangerous hydrometeorological phenomena, introduction of unique measures in the subsequent development of deposits, formation of transport corridors, preservation of the environment, provision of personnel and favorable living conditions for the population. The implemented programs, as part of the priority areas for ensuring the sustainable development of territories/water areas of increased natural and man-induced risk, involve the creation of a multi-level emergency prevention system for potentially hazardous facilities/their infrastructures, adjacent territories, highways and/or “corridors” for the transportation of raw materials and processed products, port, terminal, and warehouse aquaterritorial (marine and river) production complexes. Their most important components should be subsystems of production and technological safety of potentially hazardous facilities in operation, monitoring emerging violations with priority chemical, nuclear, radiation, and other consequences, ensuring counteraction to the factors of emergency situations, prevention/mitigation of the effects of natural disasters on the state and pollution of the environment. Response programs should include an assessment of natural and man-induced risks, the development of basic options for emergency response of operational services to the background and/or emerging emergencies. As “pilot” projects, it is advisable to implement them in the macro-regions of the Arctic, the Arctic zone, the Baltic, the Caspian Sea, the Far East, and the annexed (returned) historical Russian territories, which are of strategical priority for the country's economy.

► Keywords: integrated security, macroregions, management, emergencies, economic and infrastructural projects, facilities of potential hazard.

Article language: Russian. Pp. 5–30. [in Russian]. DOI: 10.26277/SECNRS.2025.115.1.001.